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İlk_HST1001 Week 4 Part 8 – Transcript
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- The constitutional period of the empire lasted only two years before Abdulhamid II vetoed it.
- The first Ottoman parliament was opened officially at Dolmabahce Palace on 19 March 1877 with 130 representatives selected by provincial and district councils.
- Sultan Abdulhamid II used the situation when the Russian army was about to occupy Istanbul on 14 February 1878 as a pretext to veto the constitution and rule absolutely for 30 years.
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The constitutional period of the empire lasted very short, just two years. Abdulhamid II vetoed it. Let's see the conditions under which he suspended it. One month after the declaration of constitution regime in the empire in March 1876, Russia declared war against Ottoman Empire in April 1877.
That is to say, securing equality and creating parliamentary representation did not become popular among non-Muslim subjects, especially among Slavic populations. The elections for the first Ottoman parliament was held in December 1876 and January 77.
The Ottoman parliament was opened officially at Dolmabahce Palace on 19 March 1877. It had 130 representatives, none of them selected by the people, but by the provincial and district councils.
There were 67 Muslim, 48 non-Muslim members. Many and various languages spoken in the Ottoman parliament. Ottoman, Persian, Arabic, Greek, Armenian, Bulgarian, Serbacroat, Vlaj, Bosnian, Albanian, Kurdish, Syriac, Hebrew and Ladino.
The parliament was representing multi-religious and multi-ethnic empire in the age of building of homogeneous parliaments in Europe. In spite of the inexperience of the members, they acted responsibly, genuinely tried to represent their constituencies.
In spite of the inexperience of the members, they acted responsibly, genuinely tried to represent their constituencies. The parliament failed in its legislative functions. It was partly because the constitution allowed the Sultan and ministers governed by decrees.
It also became the focus of criticism during the Ottoman-Russian war, especially public criticism reached its peak when Russian army was about to occupy Istanbul on 14 February 1878. Sultan Abdulhamid II used this situation as a pretext and vetoed the constitution. From this time on, he became absolute ruler of the empire for 30 years.