Dr.G Bhanu Prakash Animated Medical Videos · Transcript · · Updated
Super Simplified Pathology by Dr Priyanka Sachdev || Systemic Pathology – Transcript
Video by Dr.G Bhanu Prakash Animated Medical Videos · Watch the original on YouTube
Summary
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- The transcript covers five pending systems of systemic pathology, which include the renal system, the respiratory system, the male genital system, the female genital system, and the musculoskeletal system.
- The filtration barrier of the glomerulus is made up of the endothelium, the basement membrane in the center, and the visceral epithelium or podocyte.
- Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis is caused by group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus and features lumpy, bumpy, or humpy sub-epithelial deposits.
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hello everyone good morning good morning all of you I guess I'm visible and audible a very good morning to all of you so a new day a new morning new targets so can we start are you people there good morning kuldeep good morning everyone I'm clearly visible audible can we start the session ahead
okay good morning everyone good morning so I welcome you all for today's session I am Dr Priyanka sachdev here and today I am here to continue my series that is super simplified pathology few days back we have already started this series in which I am going to give you a crisp review of entire pathology in the more simplified Manner and I can assure you that your maximum mcqs from pathology
whatever exam you are targeting the medical experience like you are targeting the fmg you are targeting the neat PG or else you are preparing for your University exams of ambias this session is going to be super useful for you okay so without wasting any further time we should continue the session so I guess we have the the two sessions are already available on this YouTube channel okay the general pathology is
completed the hematology is completed regarding systemic pathology these are all systems in your syllabus so you have these 12 systems in your syllabus but the last time I covered only only 7 and these five systems were pending in the last okay if you are looking for all these systems you can look for the old YouTube link it's available on this where you are watching now on this YouTube channel only the links are available so you can watch the remaining systems there you can watch General
pathology and hematology also there so currently I am going to cover the pending systems which are left panding or incomplete the last time so basically renal system respiratory system male genital female genital and musculoskeletal we are going to cover these five systems one by one okay so I will start with the renal system the ultra important the most important and most difficult to understand but I assure you I promise you after this
session these systems will be fun for you like it will be very very it will be cake pop for you so after this you can read Robin's like anything everything will you can understand very easily so can we start can we go ahead okay okay so let's start with renal system first in the regional system what I'm going to teach you I'm going to teach you all important topics here let's start with the first most important topic here glomerular nephritis can I start with the Amarillo nephritis can I start so
let's start with pathogenesis classification and details of all type of glomerular nephritis now there is no exam paper in this world for the medical experience from pathology where you don't get a question of glomerular nephritis it's a Ultra super duper important topic for all exams okay but the thing is that you should understand the basics so let's start with the basics let's start with the glomerulonephritis let's start with the anatomy of the kidney we know humans have a pair of kidney okay we all have
pair of kidney kidney is a bean shaped organ you can see and this portion is known as hilum of the kidney from the hilum of the kidney the renal artery is going in the renal vein is coming out and ureter is coming out so three things are there at the Highland artery renal vein and ureter this point is known as hilum of the kidney okay and ATM I guess you already know now the structural and functional unit of the kidney is nephron
humans have a pair of kidney I told you each kidney contain nearly 1 million nephron okay so the humans have nearly approximately 2 million nephron and Nephron is the structural and functional unit of the kidney inside each kidney you can see millions of neutrons are there now in the nephron let's take one nephron let's take at the level of the Nephron okay at the level of the Nephron there are five parts in the nephron which are in front of you so there is a Bowman's capsule the first thing that
proximal convolutely tubule which is known as PCT proximal convoluted tubule then there is loop of Henley in the loop of handle there are two limbs descending limb ascending limb after that there is DCT distal convoluted tubule and in the end there is collecting duct okay so these are the five parts of the Nephron you can understand to understand glomerular nephritis we must understand the anatomy of This Woman's capsule what is glomerulus so what is present inside This Woman's capsule we should
understand that if we can understand what is present inside this globe This Woman's capsule we can understand that so these are the five parts of the Nephron in front of you you can see the glomerular capsule or Bowman's capsule PCT Loop of family DCT and collecting ducts these are the five parts let's start with glomerulus let's start with glomerulus what is glomerulus so okay let me draw it for you let me draw it so what is Bowman's capsule I am drawing a Bowman's capsule for you this is a
Bowman's capsule it is a capsulated structure a cup like structure and it is continuing in PCT it's like this and after this it will continue in PCT proximal converted tubule I guess everyone agrees now what does this cup contain inside is what does it contain so it contains okay this is the renal artery there are many branches from the renal artery the final branch is The Upfront arteriole The Upfront arterial is coming forming a tuft of capillary
and leaving as e-print arterial okay I repeat eat my words I repeat you have to understand this if you want to understand glomerular lunarthritis in detail so this is a print arteriole which is coming inside and after that it is forming up it is forming a tuft of capillary and leaving back as efferent arteriole I have drawn only one capillary there are bundle of capillaries but to understand we have drawn only one okay so you can understand here there is a capillary inside the woman's capsule there is a capillary now whatever blood is coming
here in the blood there are certain substances present in the blood which we want to excrete in the urine these are the excretory substances okay so whatever things want to get excreted in the urine they will come here filter here and they will accumulate in The Bowman space they will accumulate in the woman's capsule and they will go ahead in the PCT DCT Loop of Henry and finally they will be excreted in the urine this is normal physiology so we will understand Anatomy physiology then we will come on pathology you got it are
you people there can you write down something in the chat box just a second let me see if I can see your chat yes I can see your chat I guess okay yes so you can see okay so this is the a print arteriole the blood is coming from the blood whatever substances which are supposed to be excreted in the urine they will filter this is known as glomerular filtration okay glomerulus filtration they will
accumulate here in The Bowman space and they will pass in the PCT Loop of validity finally in the collecting duct and they will form the urine okay so this is the thing so my point is that this suppose here is a substance so it want to get filtered and excreted so how many layers it has to cross how many layers it has to cross to go in the movement space so let me draw this diagram again so let me draw this Bowman's capsule okay can you see the two two layers in the Bowman's capsule Bowman's capsule have two layers okay
this layer is known as parietal epithelium here I am drawing parietal epithelium this one this one I'm sorry this one is visceral epithelium and this one is parietal the outer one is the parietal epithelium the blue one is the parietal the green one is the visceral this is the lining of the woman's capsule it is epithelial lining now now I am drawing the capillary you all know this is a print arterial coming forming a capillary and going back as different arteriole so let me draw the double lining the Lumen of the capillary this
is the capillary so you all got it this is a print arteriole and this is efferent arteriole now all capillaries are lined by endothelial lining so let me draw one of the endothelial lining so here we have endothelial lining and this is the basement membrane of the capillary so basically any substance present here any substance which is present in the Lumen of the capillary and it has to come here in The Bowman space it has to cross three things one thing is the basement membrane at the center can you see this is the basement
membrane of the capillary at the center on one side it's endothelium on other side it's epithelium I repeat there is a basement membrane on one on one side it's endothelium of the capillary on one side it's epithelium which epithelium it's visceral epithelium the visceral epithelium the green color epithelium and finally this is known as filtration barrier so my point is that the filtration barrier have three things in the center enter there is a basement membrane this is the basement membrane of the capillary basement membrane on
one side there is endothelium you can see this is endothelium and one on one side this is epithelium the visceral epithelium of the Bowman's capsule the visceral epithelium the shape of the visceral epithelium is like the food have you seen your food see the foot is like this we have the toes the fingers so it is like that that's why it is known as podocyte food podocyte you got it so this is filtration barrier so any substance present here it will pass and come here and accumulate so this is the
Lumen of the capillary and here is the Lumen of the Bowman's capsule so finally the substances are passing like that say yes this is this is filtration barrier this and everyone got it anyone having any doubt so if you got what is filtration barrier now if any injury occurs to this filtration barrier this is known as globular nephritis so let's start glomerulonephritis now you can understand for the students who didn't got it
finally I'm repeating it once in just one minute listen everyone here so I'm drawing a woman's capsule you know what is nephron I guess so I'm drawing I'm trying to draw a woman's capsule in front of you women's capsule have two lining what are the two Linings of the woman's capsule both are epithelium this one I'm drawing now in the form of the food the food shaped processes this is known as visceral visceral epithelium okay and this one I am drawing one more
here this one the outer one this one I am drawing with purple color you can see the colors okay this one is parietal epithelium okay the parietal epithelium is flat but the visceral epithelium the shape is like the food that's why known as podocyte these cells are known as protocytes okay now from inside it I would like to draw capillary so let's draw a capillary like this okay this is a capillary now you can
understand one is afferent arterial one is the efferent arterial I'm drawing like this okay this is the capillary you can see so this is afferent arterial coming and e-print arterial living so the capillary have the endothelial lining so let's draw the endothelial lining of the capillary this is the endothelial lining and this is the basement membrane of the capillary this is the basement membrane so let's take a substance this is the substance it want to get excreted and pass over here and
collect over here so what three things it is passing first it is crossing C the endothelium then basement membrane then epithelium so these three things form the filtration barrier in the center there is a basement membrane on one side it's endothelium on one side that's epithelium in the epithelium it's visceral epithelium is coming in the filtration barrier epithelium to be crystal clear you to be crystal clear you got you got my point can we go ahead so this is the filtration barrier there are three things basement membrane in
the center endothelium on one side and epithelium the visceral epithelium on other side which is known as podocyte okay so this is the thing which I'm telling you you all can see the Bowman's capsule the same diagram I have drawn for you and you can see the capillary this is afferent arteriole and you can see this is efferent arteriole I have explained you and this is the capillary in the capillary we have a basement membrane shown by black color and the endothelials are shown by the red color and this is the filtration barrier the
substance here passing to here Crossing three things I guess everyone got it so this is the basic diagram now in this diagram I am going to teach you nine type of nephritis right now in a comparative table so if you understand this master diagram the glomerular nephritis will be fun for you if you don't understand this then rest 9 of the glomerular nephratus you will not get anything so this is the basic what you are getting in this diagram what you are getting in this diagram thank you so much for your all your feedback thank you and Dr Surya definitely I will take
microbiology here also on the YouTube I will try my best okay so listen so in this diagram I can see multiple capillaries can you see okay how many capillaries you can see I can see this is one Lumen this is another Lumen this is another Lumen this is one more Lumen I can see four five illuminated capillaries I told you in the Bowman's capsule it's not one capillary there are multiple capillaries in the tuft so few capillaries are shown to you and what is this yellow cells outside can you say yellowish cells outside outside covering
all the capillaries it's parietal epithelium in the Bowman's capsule its parietal epithelium now you can see the innermost layer of the capillary is fenestrated can you see the whole Spanish it's endothelial lining the endothelial lining is fenestrated in between the pink color a thin pink color membrane is the basement membrane and on other side you can see the protocytes on other side you can see these these um food shape processes are the protocytes okay and the green cells are the messenger cells what are messenger
cells messenger cells are the supporting cell let me draw this diagram for you let me draw so what is this diagram I have cut the Bowman's capsule from here and looking from above so if I cut imagine this is the Bowman's capsule let me draw a woman's capsule okay this is the Bowman's capsule it contains the capillaries multiple like that okay if I'm cutting it from here and looking from above what I will see what I will see so see I will see the parietal epithelium outermost these are the cells of the parietal epithelium okay covering