Dr.G Bhanu Prakash Animated Medical Videos · Transcript · · Updated
Super Simplified Pathology by Dr Priyanka Sachdev || General Pathology & Hematology - Rapid revision – Transcript
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Summary
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- Cell adaptation, cell injury, and cell death relate to each other sequentially when stress acts on a cell.
- Coagulative necrosis is the most common type of necrosis where architectural outline persists.
- Down syndrome is a chromosomal abnormality characterized by trisomy 21.
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I don't know hello everyone I'm alive I'm a visible Emma audible give me a thumbs up in the chat box if I'm clearly visible Audible and even from the audience a very good morning to all of you hi Shalini arvind can you please confirm if I'm clearly visible audible
everything is good to go if people confirm I will go ahead I am still waiting for the confirmation good morning good morning everyone a very very good morning a refreshing morning enthusiastic morning today yes okay so am I clearly visible audible thank you thank you for confirmation thank you everyone so let me start the session a very good morning to all of you I am Dr
Priyanka sachdev here and today I am here to you know to take a crash course uh most important High yielding topics of General pathology and hematology so we have a two-day crash course today we are going to finish complete General pathology as well as hematology and tomorrow we are going to take complete systemic pathology so today also we are having six to seven hour session tomorrow also we are having six to seven hour session so in this approx 14 15
hour session we are going to cover the most important High yielding topics of entire pathology in a crisp manner so I can challenge if you attend my this course like 12 to 15 hour course completely uh the 90 questions will hit from the syllabus only because we are going to cover most important you know repeatedly asked questions whatever exam you are targeting if you are targeting fmg if you are targeting need PG if you are targeting next whatever exam you are
targeting now I am going to cover the most important topics here most of the students know my way of teaching first I will take a Chapter I will take a topic I will teach you the concise Theory related to that and then we will solve the py cues and you know most important mcqs which can ask from that topic so in this way the pyq is the last three years pyqs from that topic will be completed not only this if new questions are framed from that particular topic you are
prepared for that all that also so can we go ahead are you people ready are you people ready so let's start super simplified course of pathology can we go ahead are you people ready can I start okay so let's start with General pathology so let's finish General pathology in say four or five hours and after that two to three hours of hematology okay so again I'm repeating I am taking the most important topics of each chapter you can also understand
completing entire pathology is not possible in 15 hours if we want to complete entire pathology it requires 80 hours 60 to 80 hours not 15 hours then 15 hours what we can do we can see the most high yielding topics or most uh repeatedly asked topics from each chapter okay so let's start with chapter number one of General pathology let's start with chapter number one cell adoptation cell injuries cell death okay so let's start with the topic cell
adoptation first I will let you know what the cell adoption then cell injury then cell death in cell death we will see two things apoptosis as well as necrosis I can challenge whatever exam you are targeting now you will get one question from this topic okay so what is cell adoptation cell injury cell death are the three things related to each other are the three things related to each other listen in human body from head to toe we all are made up of cells
you know cell is the structural and functional unit of human life so we are completely made up of cells normally all the cells are in homeostasis can you see a cell in this diagram all the cells are in homeostasis you can ask them what is homeostasis homeostasis means a cell is performing a particular function with a particular structure for example the God has assigned particular function to particular cells for example the cells
of the salivary gland they do the function of secretion the cell of the intestine they do the function of absorption the cell of the nervous system they do the function of cognition and memory so they all are cells but they are assigned different function because they have little bit structural differences between them that is the meaning of homeostasis but whenever any stress acts on the cell whenever any stress acts on the cell whether physiological or whether pathological three things
happens back to back number one thing is cell adoptation in which the cell will try to adopt and survive uh the unfavorable condition it will it will you know try to survive the stress overcome the stress that is known as cell adoption but these are reversible I mean to say once you remove the stress the cell will come to a homeostasis again after that if the stress is continued continued continued the second thing take place as cell injury again
cell injury first there is reversible cell injury followed by there is a point of no return after that there is irreversible cell injury reversible cell injury it is reversible irreversible Salinger is actually cell death it is irreversible once the cell is death it is not again alive right now please understand with the help of example it was a theory part let me tell you uh the example okay I'm coming I'm coming on that uh MD Islam I'm coming what is stress stress is
anything which is not physiological I mean to say that is not normal that is known as stress let me take an example okay how many hours you study in a day can you tell me how many hours you study in a day normally normally today how many hours you will study you will see mum four or some students will say Mom four or some will say six hours okay so four to six hours normally you study every day that is your homeostasis you are in homeostasis but what about the day before exam how many hours you study
a day one day before exam or on the day of exam how many hours you study you will say Mom 12 hours some will say 18 hours maybe 16 17 hours impressive right so what is this what is this so exam is acting as a stress and to overcome the stress your body is doing the adaptation so instead of doing normal you are doing something uh extraordinary you know so instead of studying six hours you are studying for 12 hours 15 hours so that
is adaptation right so you will do so what about once the exam is over how many hours you will study how many hours you will study once the exam is over don't say ma'am I will not study zero hours so again you will shift to the homeostasis I mean to say the once you remove the stress now the adoptions are reversible I I want to explain this but imagine the exams are continued for one month or two months so what will happen continuously you will study for 12 to 15 hours for one month or two months you
will have certain diseases in your body right that is injury that is injury again up to a certain point injury is reversible once you remove the stress the exams are over it is removable it is reversible I mean but if exam continues for ever forever you cannot study for 15 16 hours or 20 hours you know you will have many disorders this is the irreversible cell injury you can have so this is just an example to understand so I mean to say
I mean to say there are three things happen back to back the first thing is adaptation followed by reversible cell injury and followed by irreversible cell injury which is known as cell death so if the stress continued continued continued these three things are the progressive one by one they will happen Okay how many types let's talk about adoption first then we will come on injury then cell death okay the three
things we have to cover the first thing is the adoptation how many how many uh types of adaptations are there there are five type of adoptions what are the five type of adoptations hypertrophy hyperplasia atrophy metaplasia and dysplasia okay what do you mean by that okay first understand the word hypertrophy and hyperplasia okay both
are hyper hyper means more hypertrophy and hyperplasia okay what is the difference between between them trophy means size in pathology the word trophy means size and in pathology the word pleasure the word pleasure means number okay number it's the number of the cell hyper means more or increase so increase in size of the cell is
hypertrophy and increase in number of the cell is hyperplasia you got it so that is the meaning of hypertrophy trophy means increase in size of the cell placia means increasing number of the cell can you see here can tell me what is this what is this can you see there one cell so normally this cell was in homeostasis now the stress is acting on the cell because of the stress the cell is doing certain adoptation so what does it so
you can see the size of the cell here you can see the exact same size of the cell here but here one cell here multiple cell so basically the number is increased not the size so you can say it's hyperplasia it's hyperplasia okay let me see okay can we go ahead okay okay so this that is hyperplasia increase in
number of the cell and here you can see this cell is also in homeostasis so when stress is acting on this cell as a part of adoptation this cell is same here it is also one here it is also one number is not increased but you can notice the size is increased so you can say this is hypertrophy so one is hyperplasia one is hypertrophy see the Third here the cell is in homeostasis nor the stress is acting because of the stress
it decreases in size appreciate the size here appreciate the size here it is decreasing in size that is known as a trophy that is known as atrophy give me a thumbs up yes I will provide the PDF after the session don't make the notes I will provide the PDF on the telegram group okay you can find the PDF on the telegram group of the procium okay so can we go ahead now give me a thumbs up this is a trophy okay a trophy now I taught you three things hypertrophy
hyperplasia and the trophy can you tell me a common example of all three hypertrophy is increase in size hyper pressure is increase in number at trophies decrease in size can you tell me a common example of all three can you people please tell me the common example of all three yes so best example is the pregnant uterus you know so during pregnancy can you see the size of the uterus normally this is the size of the uterus normally but during pregnancy to
accommodate the fetus inside that the size of the uterus increases we all know but how does the size of the uterus increases in the uterus there are three layers endometrium myometrium perimetrium let's talk about the middle layer myometrium these are the cells of the myometrium okay you can see the cells of the myometrium so basically the hormones during the pregnancy the estrogen and progesterone they are acting as a stress they are acting as a
stress during pregnancy the hormonal changes takes place now so they are acting as a stress because of this stress the cells can you see the cells in the uterus these cell will increase in size as well as number so they increase in size that is hypertrophy they increase in number that is hyperplasia so basically pregnant uterus is an example of both so because of increase in size and number both of the cell the uterus increases in size the
uterus increase in size because of increase in size as well as number of the cells in the myometrium but what if after delivery now the delivery of the fetus already took place the delivery of the child the fetus the newborn already took place now perturation you know during the next two three months uterus again become normal size so how does it become again shrink in the size because of atrophy of the cell now these cells undergo reduction in size whatever cells
they were increased now they undergo reduction in size and because of which there is perpuration so can I say uterus is coming in all three examples say yes if you got it so during pregnancy it's hypertrophy and hyperplasia which is which is leading to increase in size of uterus and after pregnancy during perturation after delivery the reduction in the size of the uterus is due to atrophy I want each of you to give me a thumbs up on this point if you got it so
you can see three of the adoption hypertrophy hyperplation at trophy are coming in this in this the three the three of them are coming in this can we go ahead okay yes hypertrophy is the single best you can say another but all three are there okay can we go ahead okay you can see here the gross and the microscopy of the uterus you can see this is the normal uterus non-pregnant uterus and you can see this is the
pregnant uterus this is the pregnant uterus uh see the appreciate the size appreciate the increase in the size grossly appreciate that now make the slide of this make the slide of this see the histopathology of both of them the non-pregnant uterus see the cells of the myometrium and during pregnancy see the cells of the myometrium I appreciate the size of the cell is increased and if you count the total number also the size as well as number both is increased give me