Лекція Скелет черепа. ЗДМК. ua – Transcript

00:01The skull or cranium in Latin on the skull. We distinguish the upper surface of the vault of the skull or Calvary and the lower surface the base of the skull or bases cream I we distinguish between the external base of the skull and the internal base of the skull on the internal base of the skull

00:26There is an anterior cranial floss at a middle Cranial Fossa and a posterior cranial Fossa on the skull. We also distinguish the eye sockets the orbits the nasal cavity cavitas nasi The nasal cavity has an external opening the pure form aperture and an internal opening

00:56That leads from the nasal cavity into the pharynx These two openings are called the choana Below is the oral cavity cavitas oris on the lateral wall of the skull is the temporal Fossa Fossa temporalis

01:21The infratemporal Fossa Fossa infratemporalis And at the bottom of the infratemporal Fossa deep inside is the terigopalatine Fossa Fossa Terigopalatina the skull consists of two parts

01:44These are the neurocranium and the visceral cranium on the neurocranium. We distinguish several bones The first bone is the occipital bone us occipital I'll take another skull Was occipital the occipital bone It has a foremen magnum On the sides of which are the occipital

02:12condyles The first vertebra the atlas attaches to these condyles Through each condyle Passes the hypoblossal canal Externally there is the external occipital protuberance and the external occipital crests On the internal surface, there is the internal occipital protuberance

02:43And the internal occipital crests The place where the occipital bone joins the sphenoid bone is Called the clivus On this clivus lies the brain stem The next bone of the neurocranium This is a bone that looks like a butterfly. It is called the sphenoid bone In Latin, oz

03:13sphenoid We distinguish a body on it. I will take the skull Here on this skull is the sphenoid bone Inside is the body On this body is the cellar tursica and in this saddle lies the fossa for the pituitary gland Three pairs of processes extend from the body

03:42Greater wings lesser wings and from the body pointing downwards Here is the body of the sphenoid bone and here one process and the other go downwards These are the pterigoid processes through the lesser wings into the orbit Passes the optic canal

04:13Below the lesser wings Also into the orbit Passes the superior orbital fissure in the greater wings are the foramen Rotundum the foramen oval and the foramen spenosum Through these openings pass branches of the trigeminal nerve and arteries

04:44Inside the body of this sphenoid bone if we cut the body open we will find a sinus This is one of the perinazle sinuses that opens into the nasal cavity This sinus is filled with air and on this skull we can see a deep in the nose This is the sphenoidal sinus

05:14The tip of the pointer has entered it This sinus can become inflamed When this sinus is inflamed the disease is called sphenoiditis That is we add the suffix itis to the latin name and This will be an inflammation of this bone or the sinus of this bone The next bone is the ethmoid bone Here is the ethmoid bone

05:43us ethmoid oh Here it is Here is The bone shown You are currently looking at it from this side that on it we can distinguish the cribber form plates There are about 30 openings in this plate Here they are torn already

06:13These openings through them olfactory nerves pass from the nasal cavity into the cranial cavity On top of this plate one finds the Krista galley From the cribber form plate downward That is into the nasal cavity Extends the perpendicular plate

06:40On the sides of this plate there are projections Sands They are called the superior nasal concha and broken off here is the inferior nasal the middle nasal concha On this side it is the same the superior nasal concha and next to it the middle nasal concha

07:06Inside this bone there is a cavity or sinus of the ethmoid bone The bone in latin is os ethmoidal so inflammation of the bone and sinus will be called ethmoiditis This sinus also opens into the nasal cavity

07:29The next bone is the frontal the frontal bone is os frontale On it we distinguish frontal aminances so posteriori arches and a process on one side and the other that goes to the zygomatic bone so its name is the zygomatic process sepes apesas

07:58On the skull all processes are named after the bone they lead to The process on the frontal bone goes to the zygomatic bone so it is called the zygomatic process If we cut this frontal bone roughly in this place we will see that inside here is the separate frontal bone we will see that inside there is a sinus the sinus as well

08:29It also opens into the nasal cavity the bone in latin is os frontale Inflammation of this sinus will be called frontitis Frontitis The next bone is the parietal The parietal bone is located on the cranial vault os pari Ta parietale is a paired bone

08:56In the front it connects with the frontal bone bone The coronal suture is formed the coronal suture Two parietal bones join each other The sagittal suture is formed and the parietal bones join the occipital bone

09:21The lambdoid suture is formed at the junction of the parietal bones with the frontal occipital and temporal bones fontanelles are formed These fontanelles are found in newborns These are areas where there are no bones and instead of bone there is cartilaginous tissue Here is the anterior fontanelle

09:49On the sides are the lateral fontanelles Here are the posterior fontanelles The anterior fontanelle closes last at approximately one year of the child's life The next bone is the temporal The temporal bone Here it is located on the side Here we see its external surface It is called the tympanic surface in latinolstemporale is the name of the bone

10:21Besides the external tympanic surface on this bone there is also the petrospart or pyramid On the tympanic surface of the ocstemporale is a process It goes to the zygomatic bone So it is called the zygomatic process of the temporal bone

10:46The external acoustic metis the mastoid process and the small styloid process in this place Between these two processes is the stylo mastoid foramen Through this foramen the facial nerve exits outward Anterior to the external acoustic meat is on this skull

11:13Here is the external acoustic metis In front is the articular surface The mandible attaches to the surface forming a joint marvelous The joint is called the temporal mandibular joint Articulatio temporal mandibularis the temporal bone and the mandible

11:43The internal petrosurface ol pyramid has three surfaces anterior posterior and inferior O On the posterior surface of the pyramid is located the internal acoustic metis Which leads into the cavity inside the pyramid

12:10Inside this cavity lies the organ of urine and equilibrium The external acoustic metis also leads inside the pyramid The following bones belong to the facial region To the facial region The first bone of the facial part of the skull is the upper jaw The upper jaw is called the maxilla in latin

12:41There are two upper jaws left and right Here is the suture that connects the processes on the upper jaw Going upward to the frontal bone is the frontal process Going laterally to the cheekbone is the zygomatic process Going downward where the tooth roots attach Is alveolar process

13:08And the last process is the palatine process of the maxilla Which forms most of the hot palate On the outer anterior surface is the infor orbital for amen which leads to the orbit Inside this bone Here's the right maxilla separately

13:36Inside this bone is an air filled sinus most often called the maxillary sinus It contains air and opens into the nasal cavity Inflammation of the maxillary sinus Inflammation, yes, is called sinusitis The next bone is the lower jaw called the mandible in latin