The Respiratory System: Lesson for A&P Lab, 2nd Semester. Anatomy and Physiology – Transcript

00:24oh wait wait hi everybody alive mike again when will he ever learn welcome back to another exciting amp lab this one lab number five the respiratory system practical number one is done all of that cardiovascular stuff the

00:50blood vessels the heart parts never to be seen again here in lab so we're starting fresh the second half of the semester with the respiratory system now depending on where you are in your lecture you have most likely already covered the respiratory system and its physiology and a good bit of the anatomy

01:17in your lecture if you have not the lab will help you if you already have the lecture will help you that's just the way it works we can never match up perfectly we can only come close do sort of an approximation a couple nice things about lab number five first the respiratory system does not

01:43have that much anatomy in it you see as you look at your lab manual it is definitely light on histology compared to the other labs we have upcoming six and eight in particular and the physiology

02:09is not really that complicated so essentially what we have in this lab is the respiratory anatomy which i have a lot of nice models for and this is an organ system that doesn't really even have that many organs in it starts up here at your nose ends about at your diaphragm because the rest of it of course is that systemic gas exchange which you probably

02:35already studied in your lecture then we have a little bit just a taste of histology then we have some spirometry the measuring of lung volumes which you'll get to watch me do right over there from where i sit and some conclusion questions that really if you can remember that everything

03:01is related to contingent on dependent on tied to blood carbon dioxide levels your life will get a lot easier in those conclusion questions so let's get ourselves started on the anatomical structures page one for the human respiratory system okay people what you're looking at here

03:26is of course the classic head and shoulders model you saw this one before lab 2 we saw it we'll see it here in lab 5 again as well this particular model will best serve us in a sagittal section so if i simply remove

03:52half of this model i can see some of the structures we will start with in lab number five and if i do just a tiny bit of camera work here to zoom in on this sagittal section of the head can look at some of the respiratory structures listed

04:18in lab number five join me if you will on page one so the first thing we see is a pair of structures called narys don't say nairs no no no don't say nairs that's just reminiscent of a hair removal product right you can go ahead and wear short shorts

04:45but we have nary's not nails that's a common american mispronunciation of the term so the two nares we have are our holes at the front and rear of the human nasal cavity so if i straighten him out just a touch for us so i can get my hand in here

05:12this is the nasal cavity i have just inserted my probe through one of the external nares this would be your nose hole your nostril the thing through which you insert your finger when you are picking your nose and just a free piece of advice please

05:39some of you stop picking your nose when you take a lab quiz online or a lecture test online because respondus monitor catches that external nares two of them i just happen to have one because i have torn off the other half of this particular model the internal nares

06:04would be holes that i want you to sort of envision right back here at the posterior side of the nasal cavity you can't really see one unless you were to orient the model in such a way that you had a frontal section right through here right through the adenoids or pharyngeal tonsils so the internal nares would be right here so if

06:32i indicated this on a lab quiz or practical and said name the hole found here internal nares is what you would have to put inside the nasal cavity we have some of our old friends the nasal conchae or turbinate bones one two three superior middle inferior you might

06:59remember them from your first semester course when you studied the skull so let me be very clear here with you and my probe in this close-up view here we have the superior nasal cancer singular here we have the middle

07:26nasal concha and here we have the inferior nasal concha superior middle inferior nasal conscious and between them is where we find the meatuses the tunnels the canals you can see three one

07:54two three of course in order from bottom to top the inferior nasal meatus most people just say inferior meatus the middle meatus and the superior meatus

08:18so one two three concave or conscious and one two three meatuses the meatuses are the tunnels or the canals through which the air has to move so as a person inhales these concave or turbinate bones create a lot of turbulence which slows that air down and then it

08:45has to sort of flow through these tunnels that's what allows us a chance to warm the air moisten it a little bit a few of those respiratory fizz things this is the nasal cavity the entire structure concave nares the meatuses

09:10that you see here let me show those things to you on a few other models but as long as we're here let's take a look at a few of the things that we can see without even having to move this model if you look right here where my probe is running you can see a bony roof

09:35to our oral cavity floor to our nasal cavity right here this bony structure is of course known as our hard palate that's the next anatomical structure you see the hard palate part of your skull the bony elements made up mostly by the maxilla

10:02the bone in which our upper teeth live and a small section back here of the palatine bone so what we have and i will zoom way in here for you to see it maybe a little clearer if you look very close i bet you can see a suture

10:26right here connecting these two bones this is the palatine bone everything anterior to this is the maxilla so this is called the palatine process of the maxilla this is called the palatine bone don't confuse the two it's easy to do that but you have to remember

10:53how we learned some structures back in the first semester do you remember the zygomatic arch which is made of the temporal process of the zygomatic bone and the zygomatic process of the temporal bone so we call this section of the maxilla the palatine process because it's making a joint with the palatine bone

11:20so palatine bone palatine process of the maxilla those are the two structures of the hard palate that i can ask you looking at this sagittal head i can see the same structures i think it's not that bad for us it doesn't really matter what model i use the structures look so similar so notice over here

11:47external nares nose hole nostril i can see the superior middle and inferior conscious or concave i can see the inferior middle and superior meatuses i can also see maybe not quite as well

12:12on this model the palatine bone and palatine process of the maxilla making up the hard palate this one does not have a suture that's quite as nice as the first model we saw and you'd want to look for one with a nice suture so you could separate those two skeletal elements from one another but as long as we're here in this sagittal

12:40section follow along with me in your lab manual what do we call this structure that's behind the hard palate right here this is the soft palate you see it listed there on page one sort of toward the left hand side so just to keep you focused in

13:07on what's possible for me to ask you the way i could ask questions so these major structures of the respiratory system i could ask you the whole thing i could put dots all across this and say what is this hard palate what's this specific part of it the palatine bone what's this specific part palatine process